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Poker Neural Net

2021年4月2日

Register here: http://gg.gg/owe3h
After spending a few weeks reading up on “Artificial Neural Networks”, I decided to pick a project that would cement my understanding of them. I was especially taken with Deep Mind’s single Q-Learning algorithm that was able to learn to play almost any Atari game! Their idea is a mix of the best of the old with the new, really cool. The downside of oldschool Q-learning is that it pretty much has to visit every state in a game, take all possible actions from that state, and memorize the action with the best result. For anything bigger than Pacman, this is a huge problem! What Deepmind did was take Q-learning’s huge state table and instead approximate that table with a trained Neural Net. This has the added advantage in that given a previously unvisited state, the Neural Net (NN) can still make a great educated guess about the best action, whereas Q-learning would have no clue! There’s a ton of other benefits that’s well-documented elsewhere, but I decided to apply this super-generic algorithm to Heads Up Limit Poker since the Atari solutions work out-of-the-box.
The setup
In 2017, the most cutting-edge NN library seems to be Tensorflow with Keras, which meant dusting off my old Python toolkit. Combined with a ton of open source Python Poker libs, it turned out as the best tool for the job. Interestingly, NN’s sort of turn into a Declarative Programming language, where you give it a description of the problem (Maximize the reward function for poker that pays out the pot) and an input state (known cards and action history). The output of the NN in Q-learning is an action distribution such as (20% Fold, 40% Call, 40% Raise). As usual in Declarative programming, the input and environment is all that’s needed to magically get a roughly correct result. For NN’s there’s a lot of thought that needs to go into minimizing your representation of the state. For example, Holding an Ace Queen is the same as holding a Queen Ace, so I make sure to sort the cards first to greatly minimize the input state. The more condensed your input state, the less “knobs” your net will have and learning will speed up dramatically.
CU Neural Networks Reading Group Dec 2, 2015. This work is not complicated. Fully explaining the problem would take all available time. Our network plays three poker games – Casino video poker – Heads up (1 on 1) limit Texas Hold’em. The prediction 1 is served as one of input features for second neural network. Other features including odd or even, prime property and equality are standardized by the StandardScaler function. Train the second neural network using backpropagation algorithm. The second neural network has 200x100x50 neurons 3 hidden layers.
Initial Results
With PyCharm, 2 poker libs, and Tensorflow, I created a fake hardcoded poker agent that pretty much just plays the odds and trained my NN against it. Since my setup essentially assumes that every game is the first time 2 players have met each other, playing the odds is a pretty good strategy. Indeed, my naive net (even with some optimizations like Prioritized Experience Replay) was only able to reach an average loss of 1 chip per game! This is mostly due to my laziness/cheapness as more training would have improved it I’m sure. The NN went from losing an average of 3 chips a game to 1 chip with about 24 hours of training and trying 8 different NN architectures. Just like NP-hard declarative programming, you need to spend a lot of time tuning your declarative engine, in this case I ended up with 3 fully connected layers linking to a binary tree shape of neural connections. The best insight I can give here is thinking “What does the optimal poker brain look like?” In my testing (far too little though!) this worked out. I figure there needs to be some fully connected layers so that it could learn high-level features like win-rate probabilities, then funnel that through some magical series of reducing functions that end up producing 3 possible actions, hence the shape! I tested that against straight binary trees and straight flat maps. An ensemble of the 2 worked out better than any pure approach.
Improvements
With my curiosity mostly satisfied, I realized many possible improvements like using 1 NN per round. This would be handy since on pre-flop, the state is much tinier (only 169 unique hands!). Training this network specifically for pre-flops would take waaaayyyy less time and be way more accurate than my general naive net. Indeed, after more poking around, this is exactly what DeepStack, a state-of-the-art poker bot is doing! They have networks for 3 rounds and mix this with a perfect game-theoretic approach which combine to approximate a perfect Nash Equilibrium strategy! This is just too cool, so I’ve started to write the game-theoretic piece on top of what I’ve written so far. I’ll post my results when it’s done, but don’t bother asking for the source!

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Dragsholm Slot Menu

2021年4月2日

Register here: http://gg.gg/owe37
*SEASON STAY. Season’s 3 course menu in Dragsholm Castle Bistro. An overnight stay in shared double room. Castle breakfast in Dragsholm Castle Bistro Kr. Book your stay here: – For more information please contact the reception on tel. 5965 3300 or mail: info@dragsholm-slot.dk.
*Dragsholm Slot Gourmet was awarded a Michelin star in 2017 and has held in since. In the White Guide Nordic the restaurant has been found among the best in both Denmark and the Nordic region. Our ambition is that in the future, too, Dragsholm Slot Gourmet will belong in Scandinavia’s gastronomic elite.
Dragsholm Slot is located in the middle of the beautiful Odsherred - on the edge of Lammefjord. The castle offers award winning restaurants as well as company and meeting facilities with roots and references to Odsherred and the authentic history. Their values makes the stay, experience, history and geography to beautifully go hand in hand. Odsherred and Lammefjord’s land is the basis for the work with gastronomy. The castle’s kitchens cultivate the narrative and the special features of the local terroir - current and with seasonal changes. Slotskøkkenet: Dragsholm Slots gourmet restaurant, Slotskøkken, works ambitiously and innovative with a Nordic and currently gourmet kitchen. The kitchen is regularly featured at home and abroad as one of the most innovative gourmet restaurants in the Nordic region. The castle kitchen has been awarded a Michelin star in Michelin Guide Nordic 2017 and is located in White Guide Nordic 2017 as No. 4 in Denmark and No. 8 in the Nordic region. Spisehuset: The Bistro, Spisehuset, is a Nordic and current kitchen, where the vegetables and herbs from the castle’s herb garden forms the rootstock of the kitchen. In addition with the best meat and seafood that can be found in the area - the quality of the handcraft and ingredients is uncompromising. The kitchen style in the Bistro is more simple and informal and is a newly interpreted and classically inspiring tale of food, local nature and seasons. Madbaren: At the Bastion, the castle terrace, the food bar is open every day from lunch to evening throughout the summer - and when weather permits. Here is the castle’s definition of street food served: crispy snacks, light dishes and drinks based on seasonal herbs and vegetables. From the Bastion you can enjoy the summer weather in the lounge or in a comfortable spot in the shade - all with the view of Urtehaven, Sejerøbugten and the ground of the castle. The ambition is to give their guests a complete experience at Dragsholm Castle; an experience of the castle as part of Denmark’s history - a piece of cultural history and at the same time a modern, ambitious and relevant work.
Only one hour of driving from Copenhagen, in the middle of the beautiful Odsherred, Dragsholm Castle welcomes you to it’s unique and authentic universe. The past, present and future meets at Dragsholm Castle in a harmonic cooperation between history, terroir and gastronomy. It is something to behold and taste. In many ways nature plays a large role at Dragsholm Castle. The gastronomical level is high in the castle’s Scandinavian, nature conscious kitchen. In the gourmet restaurant ’Slotskøkkenet’ and in the more informal bistro ’Spisehuset’, the menus are based on the season’s local raw ingredients from the baron’s dammed Lammefjorden. The castle’s nature conscious kitchen is on of the most innovative in Denmark and can, among others, be experienced on one of the castle’s many gastronomical stays.DRAGSHOLM SLOT GOURMET
Dragsholm Slot Gourmet – a One MICHELIN Star: High quality cooking, worth a stop! Restaurant in the 2020 MICHELIN Guide Denmark. The MICHELIN inspectors’ point of view, information on prices, types of cuisine and opening hours on the MICHELIN Guide’s official website.
Where the style of the bistro Spisehuset is more simpel and informal, we would like to surprise and challenge the guests in the gourmet restaurant Slotskøkkenet. Slotskøkkenet is often highlighted, in Denmark and abroad, as one of the most innovative gourmet restaurants in Scandinavia, and our ambition is for Slotskøkkenet to belong among the elites of Scandinavian gastronomy. Our head chef, Claus Henriksen, defines his kitchen style as nature conscious, and is based on the season’s vegetables and herbs from Lammefjordens forests, fields and beaches. Read more about Restaurant Gourmet.DRAGSHOLM SLOT BISTRO
The bistro is based on the same kitchen philosophy as the critically acclaimed gourmet restaurant Slotskøkkenet. Similar to Slotskøkkenet, the seasons local vegetables, along with the many herbs from the castle herb garden, creates the foundation for the kitchen. Together with this foundation comes the best meat, fish and shellfish, we can find in the area. The kitchen style in Spisehuset is more simpel and informal than in the gourmet restaurant Slotskøkkenet. The quality of handicraft and raw ingredients is not compromised. Different from how we want to surprise and challenge our guests in our gourmet restaurant, here in Spisehuset we want you to confirm that “Old love never rusts”, but in our own interpretation. When the weather allows it, we move the kitchen outside and fire up the grill on The Bastion with a view of the Sejerø bay. Read more about Restaurant Bistro.DRAGSHOLM SLOT FOOD BAR
At the castle terrace our Food bar is open all summer. Here we serve our green interpretations of ’street food’: Snacks, light dishes and drinks based on seasonal herbs and vegetables. From lunch to evening in laid-back surroundings overlooking the Herb Garden, The Sejeoe bay and The Lammefjord. Read more about The Food Bar. THE WINEDragsholm Slot Menukort
The wine plays a very important role at Dragsholm Castle. The wine cellar houses a carefully curated collection of exquisite wines, found while visiting wine farmers, at wine castles and through countless wine tastings with some of the country’s best wine merchants. Our chief sommelier, Peter Fagerland, has been awarded for being the country’s most skilled sommelier and for the best food and wine match. Our ambition is to continue providing large, exciting gastronomical experiences.
Register here: http://gg.gg/owe37

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